The history of scientific discoveries and development in India dates back to the Vedic era. Aryabhata, the famous mathematician of the Vedic era invented ‘zero’. It is believed that, ancient Indian scholars had developed geometric theorems before Pythagoras made them popular. The concept of squares, rectangles, circles, triangles, fractions, algebraic formulas, and astronomy have all their origins in Vedic literature; some are as early as 1500 B.C. The decimal system was already in use during the Harappan civilization and is evident in their use of weights and measures. Moreover, the concepts of astronomy and metaphysics are all described in the Rig Veda, an ancient Hindu text of the Vedic era.  Today the scientific contributions made by Maharshi Kanada ,Baudhayana, Madhava, Bhaskara,Brahma gupta,Katyayana,Manava  are well established.

Ayurveda is probably the oldest and structured system of medical science in the world. Proper knowledge about various ailments, diseases, symptoms, diagnosis and cure is the basis of Ayurveda. Many scholars like Charaka , Shushruta and Vagbhada have been prominent in contributing  vital knowledge into Ayurveda, Indians also pioneered in the field of Ship Building,Farming techniques and fertilizers and Education. One the first university education system was born in India in Nalanda and Takhasila. The Yoga invented by Maharshi Patanjali is today conquering the world. Sanskrit an ancient language from India is getting popular worldwide and is know to be the most suited language for computer programming.

From complex Harappan towns to Delhi’s Iron Pillar, India’s indigenous technologies were very sophisticated. They included the design and planning of water supply, traffic flow, natural air conditioning, complex stone work, and construction engineering. The Indus Valley Civilization was the world's first to build planned towns with underground drainage, civil sanitation, hydraulic engineering, and air-cooling architecture. While the other ancient civilizations of the world were small towns with one central complex, this civilization had the distinction of being spread across many towns, covering a region about half the size of Europe.

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